Ancient human remains merit special consideration as archaeological objects for a number of reasons. Not least of all is their emotive power, offering startling and immediate contact with the dead and a powerful reminder of the inescapable fate of the living. To archaeological specialists they constitute a valuable historical and scientific resource, inscribed with evidence of the working life, living conditions, diet, traumas and diseases of past generations. To developers and planners ancient human remains bring added complexity to projects impacting upon the archaeological heritage.

The National Biodiversity Data Centre was established subsequent to the publication of this paper. The centre ensures that the existing information is managed effectively, it makes information more readily available to all interested parties, and stimulates interest in Ireland’s rich natural heritage.

The aim of the report is to:

• Providing a succinct review of best practice procedures for ICZM.
• Summarising the findings of those practices most commonly used at different levels of administration and those that seemed to be more site/area specific.

Common principles were identified from international projects, particularly the EU Demonstration projects, including the Bantry Bay Charter. Examination of the Irish experience of ICZM formed a substantial section of the research. Techniques in the implementation of the ICZM and mechanisms to engage the public and other involved agencies are also reviewed.

The research approach was an agreed questionnaire, measuring awareness, understanding and impact of its loss in the April No.2 wave of B&A’s 'Barometer' survey. Barometer is a nationally representative survey of the adult population, aged 16+, quota controlled on gender, age, social class and region to correctly reflect the known demographics of the Republic of Ireland. It comprises of 1,000 interviews. The fieldwork took place between 13th - 22nd April, 2010.

The INSTAR Programme was set up in 2008 to help realise the potential of Ireland’s archaeological record and to transform understanding of how Irish society has evolved. After two years of operation, this review finds the programme to be a spectacular success and a model form other countries to follow. 

The programme is transforming the very nature of Irish archaeological endeavour by bringing together the academic, regulatory and private sectors to address highly relevant research topics including climate change and landscape and is creating new knowledge and understanding for the academic world and for the

general public alike.

The remains of our industrial past can be seen throughout the country: bridges, canals, railways and stores still in use, all bear testimony to the work of past generations. However, there are other signs too - derelict buildings, rusting machinery, lone chimneys marking the sites of once-thriving industries. 

They are intended to be complementary to the published policies of the government on the protection of the archaeological heritage and are not a substitute for the need for published guidance to planning authorities from the central government on archaeology in the planning process. The guidelines are in technical rather than legal terms, in order to help improve professional practice and procedures.

With the increased interest in and awareness of environmental and heritage issues, it is hoped that this report will make a positive contribution to the progression of sustainable development strategies at all levels in Ireland.

Ireland has a vast network of river and canal towpaths. No longer used for their original purpose, they nevertheless provide a range of opportunities for city and rural dwellers, for locals and visitors alike to enjoy the natural and built heritage of our

waterways for recreation and exercise.